What is the Interactive Model of Communication? What is the Interactive Model of Communication?.The second is to change how we experience external conditions to make them fit our goals better.” – Csikszentmihalyi, 1990. The first is to try making external conditions match our goals. “There are two main strategies we can adopt to improve the quality of life. They experience a merging of action and awareness.Their activities seem intrinsically rewarding–that is, their tasks seem inherently interesting, called autotelic motivation.Their perception of time is distorted that is, they underestimate the passage of time.They experience a sense of control and agency.Any worries or anxieties tend to dissipate entirely.They do not feel at all self conscious.Their focus is sharp and their concentration is intense.They can readily ascertain their progress–that is, feedback is available and their behavior can thus be adjusted readily.Their goals are challenging but clear and attainable, aligning closely to their skills and abilities.In particular, when individuals experience flow: A mismatch between those two drivers will not result in flow, and both have to be high in order to drive a person to perform at their highest level. The key drivers of flow are skill level and challenge level. But if challenges are high and the requisite skills to meet those challenges are also high, one becomes fully engaged, deeply involved in the activity which makes flow likely to occur. If both challenges and skills are low, one feels apathetic. If challenges are too low relative to skills, one gets relaxed, then bored. If challenges are too high, one gets frustrated, then worried, and eventually anxious. Flow-inducing activities allow a person to focus on goals that are clear and compatible and provide immediate feedback. Optimal experience, or flow, occurs when a person perceives the challenges in a certain situation and the skills brought to it as both balanced and above average. The experience of flow is possible under certain circumstances: when individuals find the activities challenging and also believe they have the skills to accomplish them. Focus and concentration (minimal distractions). There are four key dynamics that combine to create flow: 1. And, importantly, the fundamental dynamics of how the state is achieved are the same, regardless of the activity that facilitates it. ![]() Athletes refer to it as “being in the zone,” advanced meditators and mystics extol it as a feeling of bliss, while artists and musicians describe it as “aesthetic rapture.” Athletes, meditators, and artists do different objective things to get into flow, but according to three decades of research with hundreds of thousands of people from all walks of life, the subjective experience is nearly identical. The metaphor of flow is one that many people have used to describe the sense of effortless action they feel in moments that stand out as the best in their lives. An activity that produces such experiences is so gratifying that people are willing to do it for its own sake, with little concern for what they will get out of it, even when it is difficult or dangerous.” – Csikszentmihalyi, 1991. ![]() Self-consciousness disappears, and the sense of time becomes distorted. Concentration is so intense that there is no attention left over to think about anything irrelevant or to worry about problems. “A sense of that one’s skills are adequate to cope with the challenges at hand in a goal directed, rule bound action system that provides clear clues as to how one is performing. Distractions are excluded from consciousness.There is a balance between challenges and skills.There is immediate feedback to one’s actions.There are clear goals every step of the way.He identifies a number of different elements involved in achieving flow: Csikszentmihalyi defines flow as “the state in which people are so involved in an activity that nothing else seems to matter the experience itself is so enjoyable that people will do it even at great cost, for the sheer sake of doing it.” In this state of being, people are motivated by inherent enjoyment of the challenges provided by the activity, and are subsequently more productive and happier. The theory of flow (also referred to as positive psychology) was developed by Hungarian psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, as described in his 1990 book, Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience. Optimal experience is thus something we make happen.” -Csikszentmihalyi, 1990. “The best moments usually occur when a person’s body or mind is stretched to its limits in a voluntary effort to accomplish something difficult and worthwhile.
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